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VIDEO AND SOUND PRODUCTION // LECTURE & EXERCISE

 


29.8.2022 - 17.10.2022 (Week 1 - Week 14)
Video And Sound Production // LECTURE & EXERCISE
Ang Shin Er / 0355231 
Bachelor Of Design (Hons) In Creative Media / Taylor's University


LECTURES

 WEEK 1 / INTRODUCTION & BRIEFING

 Pre-production: Preparation

  • Idea development
  • Story
  • Storyboard
  • Visual References
  • Location/ Props

 Production: Principal Shooting
  • Lighting
  • Costume
  • Principal Shooting
 Post Production: Editing
  • Offline Editing
  • Online Editing
  • Audio Editing

WEEK 2 / FRAMING AND STORYBOARD

1. Earliest Cinema

Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat (The Lumière Brothers, 1896) : Audiences’ reaction: the film undoubtedly astonished people unaccustomed to the illusion created by moving images.When the motion picture camera was invented; the shots were simple and straightforward. The filmmakers turned to dramatic presentations they called filmed plays


L’Arroseur Arrosé or The Sprinkler Sprinkled is a silent comedy film from 1895, produced and directed by the Lumière brothers. The problem is when viewing a play, audiences are watching 3 dimensional objects (caused by distance and actors) but on screen; filmmakers soon realised that it was flat.

Cinema technique is all about manipulating shots and sequence that isolating part of it to look at and in what order to see them.

2. Cinematography
  • Motion picture/Film/Video is made up of many shots. 
  • Each shot requires placing the camera in the best position for that particular moment in the narrative. 
  • Shot is continuous view shot by one camera without interruption.
  • Sequence is a series of scenes, or shots, complete in itself. 
  • Scene defines the place or setting where the action is laid. 
  • A scene may consist of series of shots or sequences depicting a continuous event.
3. Shot Size

The shot size determines how large the area that’s visible within the frame. 
  • Extreme wide shot - E.W.S
Shows a broad view of the surroundings around the character and conveys scale, distance, and geographical location. It's used to show where character is in his/her environment.
  • Wide shot - M.S
A medium shot shows the subject that are important to understanding - Gesture and expression, from the person waist up, letting hands and the lower half of his body fall outside the frame.
  • Medium wide shot - M.W.S
A medium wide shot shows a character usually cut off across the legs above or below the knees. It is wide enough to show the physical setting in which the action is taking place, it permit a nice balance of figure and surrounding.
  • Medium shot - W.S
A wide shot includes the entire subject and important objects in the immediate surroundings. If it's used at the beginning of a scene it's often called an "establishing shot”.
  • Medium close-up shot -M.C.U
Medium close up films subject character from approximately midway between waist and shoulders to above the head.
  • Close-up shot - C.U
A close-up is used to isolate the most important part of the subject. For a speaker, this is generally the head, or small object.It emphasizes facial expression, details of a object.
  • Extreme close-up shot - E.C.U
An extreme close-up single out a portion of the face magnifies a detail. The object is to focus on important detail either to increase the drama or impact on a situation or to allow the viewer to see necessary picture information more clearly.
  • Over the shoulder shot - O.S
The over-shoulder shot shows the subject from behind the shoulder of another person.

4. Camera Angle
divides the frame into thirds both horizontally and vertically. The points where the vertical and horizontal lines cross are aesthetically pleasing spots to place subjects or to have perspective lines converge
  •  Subject Angle: Composition
Facial modelling is best when subject is turned 45º (¾ angling) to the camera. Front and side of the face, if properly lighted will appear round and eyes are displayed fully. Angling the camera in relation to the subject so that two sides of the object are viewed, results in the most effective rendition. Angle the camera so that parallel lines diminish and converge preferably toward the right. This is to ensure that viewer's eyes are carried into the distance.
  • Camera Angle: Subject Height
Eye-level angle. camera films from the eye level of an observer of average height or from the subject's eye level. Low angle shot can make a character look bigger, stronger, or more noble. High angle shot makes a character appear smaller, younger, weak, confused, or childlike.

5. Screen Direction

Dynamic Screen Direction: Constant screen travel depicts subject motion in one direction only . A series of shots of a person walking, a car driving, a plane flying – should move in the same direction to show progression.


Static Screen Direction: When planning shots with two characters, you need to understand the camera movement in relation to the 180º rule. The rule enforces the camera stay on a horizontal axis and not cross sections so that it will disorient the viewer. The horizontal axis is called “ Line of Action”

6. 180 Degree Rule, Screen Direction


If Camera 2 and Camera 3 are used, the audience stays on one side of the line of action. These shots are called "reverse angle shots".

WEEK 3 / STORYTELLING IN FLIM

| Story & Plot

  • Story = What happened?
The set of all the events in cause-effect relationships occurring in time and space, both the ones explicitly presented and those the viewer infers constitutes the story.

  • Plot = Why they happened? And how?
Everything is visibly and audibly present in the film, and material that is extraneous to the story world.

| 3–ACT Structure
  • Beginning: Setup/introduction of a story
  • Middle: Confrontation of a problem 
  • End: Resolution of problems

Plot Point I: "the plot thickens"
  • The "inciting incident"
  • Turn the story in a new direction
  • Sets up what Act Two is going to be
  • Raises the stakes
  • Reminder of the narrative enigma; presents the possibility of a different outcome
Plot Point II: "the longest mile”
  • The "Climactic Turning Point"
  • Protagonist's quest reaches critical mass
  • Possible solution is presented
  • Biggest cliffhanger: will the protagonist win or lose?

ACT 1 : BEGINNING/SETUP
  • To introduce the world.
  • To introduce the main characters.
  • To establish the dramatic situation.
  • Leads to an incident that complicates the story (PLOT POINT 1).
ACT 2 : MIDDLE/CONFRONTATION:
  • Known as ‘Rising Action’.
  • To develop obstacles / complications.
  • Leads to climax of the story (PLOT POINT 2).
ACT 3 : END/RESOLUTION:
  • Ending of climax
  • Answer to all obstacles / problems
  • Tying the loose ends
WEEK 4 / MISE EN SCENE (SETTING THE STAGE)

| Mise En Scène : In French, it literally means: mise (putting) en (on) scène (stage) .It refers to what we see onscreen; its visuals; meaning, all of the elements that appear on camera and their arrangement.

| Composition is selection of frames and camera angles that make up a shot. Manipulating composition can accentuate the emotional themes of the story and communicate a sense (or lack) of meaning to the audience.


| Set design refers to everything the audience sees within a particular scene. These details help build out the world of the location and add even more context to the story.


| Lighting is often the tool that conveys mood most clearly. High-key lighting, often used in musicals and romantic comedies, relies on hard light to minimize shadows. Low-key lighting, often used in horror movies

| Costume and Props
  • Costume is one of the most useful tools in communicating a character’s thoughts and journey.
  • Props is an object with a function serves to drive the narrative or become a motif to underscore the themes of the film.
| Depth of Space
  • Depth is determined by the distances between objects, people, and scenery, influenced by their placement along with camera location and lens choice
WEEK 5 / STORYBOARDING

| Storyboarding =Visualization

When the scene has a complicated action involved or few perspective point of view, storyboard is the most effective way to map out the scene. 
  • Invented by : Originally developed in Disney during the 1930’s.
  • Functionality : Involves converting a script into a comic that depicts the action visually.
  • Apply in film : Provides a layout of events as seen through the eyes of the camera.
  • Well accepted : Contemporary storyboards are used in a wide variety of multimedia projects.
| Purpose of Storyboard
  • Show important action
  • Continuity/ Editing Point
  • Shot Composition
  • Indicate camera angle and movement
  • Map out the scene
| Animatic

Animatic is defined as series of images played in sequence, often with a soundtrack. In essence, it's an animated storyboard.

| Advantage of Animatic
  • Timing of every shot
  • Rhythm of the scene
  • Audio & music added
WEEK 11 / COLOUR CORRECTION


Color correction refers to the process where every individual clip of a video footage is altered to match color temperature of multiple shots to a consistent technical standard of appearance.It’s about balancing out your colors, making the whites actually appear white, and the blacks actually appear black, and that everything in between is nice and even.


RGB: An additive color model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.
Note : Color correction: 1st try eyedropper for colour correction to balance with Temperature & Tint


Color grading is taking what you have done in color correction one step further, by altering an image for aesthetic and communicative purposes. 


Note : Colour Grading objectives : 1. Increase contrast & saturation 2. Apply new tinge of colour


S curve adjustment to increase contrast

| Teal & Orange

Contrast: This grading technique/style creates color contrast. Teal and Orange have the highest contrast between their exposure values of any pair of complementary colors on the color wheel.
Orange and Teal replicate golden hour: warm orange light against a blue sky
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INSTRUCTION

EXERCISE:

WEEK 1 / EDITING EXERCISE

| Smint Advertisement 
First, we are required to download footage from google drive that had provided  : https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1LI54P6zPIcdXOPpzChp637Fk3NRvVdoW?usp=sharing


Import footage into Premiere Pro, then arrange all shots on timeline with proper order, but for this video is already arranged. We were just have to combine all the clips together to create a short film. After that, export video.


Final Outcome for Smint Video

| Doritos Advertisement 

We are required to download footage from google drive that had provided  : https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wwRBWvPRQonTRY3YmAbumYNxMsTQwR32?usp=sharing


Import footage into Premiere Pro, then arrange all shots on timeline with proper order. After that, export video.

 
Final Outcome for Doritos Video


WEEK 3 / 3-ACT STRUCTURE EXERCISE

We were required to filled up the exercise by using the 3-act structure method to analysed the stories that shared by lecturer.

 
3–ACT Structure Exercise "Lalin" & "Guang"

WEEK 5 / STORYBOARDING EXERCISE

We frequired to follow the storyboarding procedures to fill up all the scene into storyboard table that provided by lecturer




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